<span>establishes the rights and liabilities of consumers as well as responsibilities of all contributors in electronic fund transfer activities
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The exportation of big portions of a product at a rate decrease than that of the identical product withinside the domestic mark. dumping.
The required details about Dumping is mentioned in below paragraph.
Dumping is a time period used withinside the context of global trade. It's while a rustic or company exports a product at a rate this is decrease withinside the overseas uploading marketplace than the rate withinside the exporter's home marketplace. Because dumping typically includes considerable export volumes of a product, it regularly endangers the economic viability of the product's producer or manufacturer withinside the uploading nation.
Dumping is taken into consideration a shape of rate discrimination. It happens while a producer lowers the rate of an object getting into a overseas marketplace to a stage this is much less than the rate paid through home clients withinside the originating country. The practice is taken into consideration intentional with the intention of acquiring a aggressive advantage in the uploading marketplace.
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Answer:
A) retained earnings represents a claim on cash.
Explanation:
Retained earnings are the accumulated profits that a company keeps that are left after dividends are paid. Retained earnings are the equivalent of a savings account for an individual. Retained earnings are shown in the balance sheet as part of owners' equity.
For example, corporation A had a net profit of $10 million during last year, and it paid dividends for a total of $4 million, its retained earnings for last year are $6 million.
Companies use retained earnings as money available for financing new or existing projects.
Addition to Retained Earnings will be the amount will be Net Income as calculated using the above information:
Net income will be calculated as below:
Sales...........................................................$680000
Less: Cost of Sales.................................$342000
Less: Depreciation..................................$86000
Less: Interest Expense.........................$53000
Earnings Before Tax...............................$199000
Less [email protected] 23%.........................................$45770
Net Income..............................................$153230
Thus Income of $153230 will be added to Retained earnings and Cash dividend of $40000 will be reduced from therein.
An increase in government spending raises income (B) in the short run, but leaves it unchanged in the long run, while lowering investment.
<h3>
What is government spending?</h3>
- All government purchases, investments, and transfer payments are included in what is known as government spending or expenditure.
- Government final consumption spending is defined in national income accounting as the purchase by governments of goods and services for immediate consumption, to primarily meet the individual or collective needs of the community.
- Government investment is defined as the purchase of goods and services by the government with the intention of generating future benefits, such as infrastructure investment or research spending (government gross capital formation).
- Together, these two categories of government spending—on final consumption and gross capital formation—make up one of the primary parts of the GDP.
Therefore, an increase in government spending raises income (B) in the short run, but leaves it unchanged in the long run, while lowering investment.
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