The primary characteristic of a feudal society is the exchange of land for services.
The overlord will grant the vassal a land in exchange for the vassal's services. Services like fighting beside the lord in terms of war. Vassals have their own men and since the vassal is at the service of the overlord, his men is also at the service of the overlord.
Answer: [WORK IN PROGRESS]
Part A: [Based on Description]
The event that is shown in the painting reflects the fall of the Byzantine Empire because in this picture, it shows that the tall castle is surrounded by many soldiers. There is also many more soldiers waiting to attack when necessary on the boat. The soldiers waiting to attack have bows, swords, and/or shields, which means they are prepared to attack and block any attacks that come against them. You can see that some soldiers are using ladders to scale up the tower with defenders at the top waiting for them. The defenders are outnumbered by the amount of soldiers already climbing up the tower, soldiers on the ground, and soldiers on the boat. The defenders only have swords and daggers and possibly won't be ready for when the attackers start shooting their bows at them as they would not have the shields to block them.
Part B:
1. His constant wars and rebuilding of the Constantinople Cause financial problems. Justinian had scattered the Byzantine army across the empire. The empire suffered from several attacks of bubonic plague, which caused a severe shortage of human power, which weakened both the military and the government.
2. The location of the Byzantine Empire made it appealing to other places, meaning that the empire had to defend itself constantly as numerous people were attacking it so that they can get a piece of the territory. The armies that invaded the empire includes the Bulgars, the Muslim Caliphates, the Turkic People, the Mongols and the Ottomans. After each fight, the empire struggles more to keep up with the fights and have enough money to restock and resupply what they have.
Explorers learned more about areas such as Africa and the Americas and brought that knowledge back to Europe.
Massive wealth accrued to European colonizers due to trade in goods, spices, and precious metals.
Methods of navigation and mapping improved, switching from traditional portolan charts to the world's first nautical maps.
New food, plants, and animals were exchanged between the colonies and Europe.
Indigenous people were decimated by Europeans, from a combined impact of disease, overwork, and massacres.
The work force needed to support the massive plantations in the New World, led to a 300 year slave trade that had an enormous impact on Africa.
The impact persists to this day, with many of the world's former colonies still considered the "developing" world, while colonizers are the First World countries, holding a majority of the world's wealth and annual income.
Portugal decided to focus on Africa.
