Answer: Transcription begins when RNA polymerase binds to a promoter sequence near the beginning of a gene (directly or through helper proteins). RNA polymerase uses one of the DNA strands (the template strand) as a template to make a new, complementary RNA molecule. Transcription ends in a process called termination.
Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts
During respiration, the energy within the bonds of glucose molecule is released in small amounts in a step-by-step enzyme-controlled reaction.
Answer: A low pCO2 indicates respiratory alkalosis which may be primary or secondary to a primary metabolic acidosis. Bicarbonate is calculated from measured [H+] and pCO2 values. A high standard [HCO3- ] indicates either primary metabolic alkalosis or a compensatory response to a primary respiratory acidosis.
Explanation: an increase in PCO2 causes a decrease in pH, which will increase minute ventilation and therefore increase alveolar ventilation to attempt to reach homeostasis. The higher the minute ventilation, the more exchange and loss of PCO2 will occur inversely.
