Paraphrasing means to write something in our own words, that expresses the original idea of the text. The best paraphrase of the passage would be: "It is always dark where the Men of Winter live."
Global Warming.
Global warming is the term used to describe the rising of the average temperature on Earth. It has to do with the overall climate of the Earth rather than the weather on any given day. It is melting the ice of Antarctica which will cause the water level to permanently rise causing flood.