Gravity or the gravitational pull
Your good friend prides himself on knowing a lot of information about a lot of things, and always wants to know even more. He is most closely associatedwith Precision Pattern.
Explanation:
they all include transfer of heat from one point to another
This is an example of negative reinforcement.
Her mother scolded her every time Jane bit her nails - so Jane learned that every time she bites her nails, she is going to be scolded sternly by her mother. In order to avoid that, she stopped biting her nails, and thus the reinforcement was successful.