Over 150 years ago, Abraham Lincoln and Stephan A. Douglas held seven debates as they campaigned for a Senate seat in Illinois. The debates focused on the issue of slavery and its expansion into the territories. Douglas helped overturn the prohibition on slavery in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska with the Kansas-Nebraska Act. Referred to as popular sovereignty, citizens in Kansas and Nebraska, not the federal government, could determine whether slavery should be allowed to exist in these territories.
Answer:
The piece of evidence that would best support the claim that "all new territories to the US should decide for themselves whether they will be slave or free" is the Compromise of 1850, that established the precedent that new territories would choose for themselves whether to be slave or free.
Explanation:
The Compromise of 1850 was an agreement between the different states of the United States regarding the status with which the different territories obtained after the war with Mexico would enter the Union. The question was whether these states would be free or slave, and how this would affect the balance between the two groups of states in Congress. Finally, through this agreement California was admitted as a free state, while Utah and New Mexico could define their status through popular sovereignty. The most important part of this agreement was the acceptance of popular sovereignty as the defining method of determining the status of the states against slavery. This would be applied again after the sanction of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, which would lead to a prelude to the Civil War in the event known as Bleeding Kansas.
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The vast majority of labor was unpaid. The only enslaved person at Monticello who received something approximating a wage was George Granger, Sr., who was paid $65 a year (about half the wage of a white overseer) when he served as Monticello overseer.Life expectancy was short, on many plantations only 7-9 years.Industrial slaves worked twelve hours per day, six days per week. The only breaks they received were for a short lunch during the day, and Sunday or the occasional holiday during the week.Fearing that black literacy would prove a threat to the slave system -- which relied on slaves' dependence on masters -- whites in many colonies instituted laws forbidding slaves to learn to read or write and making it a crime for others to teach them.However, the health of plantation slaves was far worse than that of whites. Unsanitary conditions, inadequate nutrition and unrelenting hard labor made slaves highly susceptible to disease. Illnesses were generally not treated adequately, and slaves were often forced to work even when sick.Slaves were punished by whipping, shackling, beating, mutilation, branding, and/or imprisonment. Punishment was most often meted out in response to disobedience or perceived infractions, but masters or overseers sometimes abused slaves to assert dominance.
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