I think the word you're looking for is "hypothesis".
For example, a hypothesis could be "dogs drink more often when owners are present".
And then this can be proven (or dis-proven) by an observation (or in this case rather: measurement).
Answer: Externalities are side effects (good or bad) that occur when a person or a company performs an activity and does not assume all the costs of it, or all the benefits that could be reported. In this way we can distinguish:
Negative externality: Arises when not all the costs of a negative effects are assumed. In these cases, a social cost is generated, since it is the whole society that suffers the consequences of its actions. And the market price does not collect this cost.
Positive externality: Arises from a positive effect that is not reported as a benefit. An example of positive externality that we can mention is scientific research, from which society in general benefits. In these cases, market place do not reflect the real benefits.
Answer:
<h3>Our human ancestors, who looked like a cross between apes and modern humans, had access to food, water and shady shelter at a site in Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. ... "It was a very stressful life because they were in continual competition with carnivores for their food."</h3>
A scientist that would be most likely to study peking man is an archaeologist.
Answer:
This is best explained through the process called classical conditioning.
Explanation:
Classical conditioning is a learning process that involves an association between a stimulus and a response. In the example given in the question, the stimulus is the bottle, which was an indication that she would soon be fed, and it was paired with the excitement that she felt when eating (unconditioned response). Therefore, after the association is been made, the conditioned stimulus (the bottle), produces the now conditioned response (the excitment).
