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Ray Of Light [21]
3 years ago
9

Explain the statement: “cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.”

Biology
1 answer:
Evgen [1.6K]3 years ago
3 0
Cells are the smallest living thing and they are what form everything living. they are the same as atoms but the living kind?
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To check whether Earnest and Denise could have a baby with Type O blood, draw a Punnett square for a father who has blood Type A
Nutka1998 [239]

Answer:

Answer is explained below and also see the document attached below for Punnett square.

Explanation:

ABO blood type (A, B, AB, or O) is based on the presence (or absence) of the A and B antigens in the red blood cells. The blood type, A has only the A antigen (and has anti-B antibodies) while the blood type, B has only the B antigen (and had anti-A antibodies). Also in the AB  blood type, both A and B antigens are present (but has no antibodies) while in the O blood type, both A and B antigens are absent (but has both antibodies).

The blood type is inherited from the parents and the offspring inherits one of the two alleles from each parent. The ABO blood type has three types of alleles: IA, IB, and i. Here, I is a term for antigen (isoagglutinogen).

The IA and IB alleles are dominant while the i allele is recessive. The blood type A is formed by either two IA alleles (IA IA ) or IA i. So, the genotype of blood type A is IA IA  or IA i. The blood type B is formed by either two IB alleles (IB IB ) or IB i. So, the genotype of blood type B is IB IB or IB i. The O blood type is formed only by two i alleles (ii). So, the genotype of blood type O is ii. The IA and IB alleles (IA IB) give the AB blood type, which is an example of codominance (the traits of both the alleles are visible in the phenotype). The genotype of blood type AB is IA IB.  

If the parents have blood type A and B, then they can have an AB blood type offspring. If the parents have blood type A and B and they both are heterozygous (IB i and IA i), then they can also have a O blood type child.

Here, the father has blood Type A (IA i genotype) while the mother has blood Type B (IB i genotype). Both the parents are heterozygous (IB i and IAi), so the possible genotypes of their child are IA IB (blood type AB), IA i (blood type A), IB i (blood type B) and ii (blood type O).

i.e.,            <u> Blood Type </u>                             <u>Genotype </u>

                           A                                     IA IA or IA i

                           B                                     IB IB or IB i

                          AB                                        IA IB

                           O                                            ii      

Download doc
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3 years ago
What is science??????????????????/
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Science is the study and learning mechanism of the world and how everything is created as well as used today and billion of years ago

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If an organism has high biological fitness in one environment, does that mean that it would also have high biological fitness in
Marina86 [1]

The answer is no, high biological fitness in one environment doesn’t have to be high in another environment.

Biological fitness is a term used in evolutionary biology and it is the quantitative representation of how a genotype (or phenotype) is successful (reproductively) in a certain environment. Fitness depends on environment so it changes if the environment changes. The fitness of a genotype is manifested through its phenotype, which is affected by the environment.


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3 years ago
Write a brief paragraph as to how each condition affects blood flow
xxTIMURxx [149]

Answer:

Pulse Pressure

As shown in Figure 1, the difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure is the pulse pressure. For example, an individual with a systolic pressure of 120 mm Hg and a diastolic pressure of 80 mm Hg would have a pulse pressure of 40 mmHg.

Generally, a pulse pressure should be at least 25 percent of the systolic pressure. A pulse pressure below this level is described as low or narrow. This may occur, for example, in patients with a low stroke volume, which may be seen in congestive heart failure, stenosis of the aortic valve, or significant blood loss following trauma. In contrast, a high or wide pulse pressure is common in healthy people following strenuous exercise, when their resting pulse pressure of 30–40 mm Hg may increase temporarily to 100 mm Hg as stroke volume increases. A persistently high pulse pressure at or above 100 mm Hg may indicate excessive resistance in the arteries and can be caused by a variety of disorders. Chronic high resting pulse pressures can degrade the heart, brain, and kidneys, and warrant medical treatment.

Mean Arterial Pressure

Mean arterial pressure (MAP) represents the “average” pressure of blood in the arteries, that is, the average force driving blood into vessels that serve the tissues. Mean is a statistical concept and is calculated by taking the sum of the values divided by the number of values. Although complicated to measure directly and complicated to calculate, MAP can be approximated by adding the diastolic pressure to one-third of the pulse pressure or systolic pressure minus the diastolic pressure:

\displaystyle \text{MAP}=\text{diastolic BP}+\frac{(\text{systolic}-\text{diastolic BP})}{3}MAP=diastolic BP+

​3  

Pulse

After blood is ejected from the heart, elastic fibers in the arteries help maintain a high-pressure gradient as they expand to accommodate the blood, then recoil. This expansion and recoiling effect, known as the pulse, can be palpated manually or measured electronically. Although the effect diminishes over distance from the heart, elements of the systolic and diastolic components of the pulse are still evident down to the level of the arterioles.

This image shows the pulse points in a woman’s body.

Figure 2. The pulse is most readily measured at the radial artery, but can be measured at any of the pulse points shown.

Because pulse indicates heart rate, it is measured clinically to provide clues to a patient’s state of health. It is recorded as beats per minute. Both the rate and the strength of the pulse are important clinically. A high or irregular pulse rate can be caused by physical activity or other temporary factors, but it may also indicate a heart condition. The pulse strength indicates the strength of ventricular contraction and cardiac output. If the pulse is strong, then systolic pressure is high. If it is weak, systolic pressure has fallen, and medical intervention may be warranted.

Pulse can be palpated manually by placing the tips of the fingers across an artery that runs close to the body surface and pressing lightly. While this procedure is normally performed using the radial artery in the wrist or the common carotid artery in the neck, any superficial artery that can be palpated may be used. Common sites to find a pulse include temporal and facial arteries in the head, brachial arteries in the upper arm, femoral arteries in the thigh, popliteal arteries behind the knees, posterior tibial arteries near the medial tarsal regions, and dorsalis pedis arteries in the feet. A variety of commercial electronic devices are also available to measure pulse.

Explanation:

5 0
3 years ago
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