Answer:
Signal transduction is what allows cells to respond to the influences of the environment around them, providing cells with proper growth and normal cell function.
Explanation:
Living organisms have developed a wide variety of complex processes to transmit signals from the outside to the inside to elicit an adequate cellular response. Defects in these molecular pathways can lead to very different disorders, such as diabetes, cancer, and psychotic illnesses. Signal transduction is the process by which a cell converts a certain signal or external stimulus into another signal or specific response, that is, it is the mechanism by which a cell responds to the stimuli it receives from the environment through diffusion. of those signals to its internal compartments. First, a signaling molecule (also called a ligand) needs to activate a specific receptor on the cell's membrane or cytoplasm. Ligand-receptor binding is very specific; they are recognized as a key and a lock. Second messengers are molecules that allow the received signal to be amplified at the intracellular level. The binding of a ligand to the receptor can generate hundreds of second messenger molecules that, in turn, can modify thousands of effector molecules and give rise to different responses. Cells recognize, integrate, and respond to multiple signals from their environment due to signal transduction, providing cells with a normal cell function.
Answer:
The correct answer is option 3. "secondary structure".
Explanation:
The secondary structure of polypeptide and proteins refers to the second order of folding, including common structures such as beta sheets, alpha helix, as well as turns and loops. The hydrogen bonds between the oxygen and nitrogen atoms of the peptide bonds are crucial to secondary structures, as these hydrogen bonds form and stabilize the aforementioned common structures.
The client reports she has the urge to move her bowels
It is true that the gametophytes grow directly from the sporophyte
Answer: Option C
<u>Explanation:</u>
Conifers are distinct by the presence of evergreen needle shaped leaves and seeds that are generally attached to the cone. The conifers are generally pines which grow into tall trees and bonsai varieties are the smallest. They do not produce seeds in the fruits like other trees rather store it in a thick woody cone where it can be protected during forest fires.
In conifers the process from pollination to fertilization takes about a year. The plant in which the gametophyte grows is called as the sporophyte. This sporophyte is where the male and female gametes fuse together to form the first cells the zygote. Then this zygote develops into a seed. This seed is then disbursed through wind and end up forming a new baby plant called the sporophyte.
Answer:
The macromolecules that forms pumps and channels in the cell membrane, allowing the entry and exit of molecules to the cell are protein.
Explanation:
Membrane integral proteins are a type of macromolecule attached to the structure of the membrane and have ends in contact with the cytoplasm and the extracellular medium.
These <u>protein molecules can act as channels and transporters or pumps</u>, to facilitate the passage of substances through the membrane. An example of transmembrane channels are ion channels, while a protein transporter is the sodium potassium ATP-ase pump.
Membrane proteins can also act as surface receptors and enzymes linked to the cell membrane.
The other options are not correct because
:
- <em><u>Carbohydrates</u></em><em> can be found on the membrane bound to other molecules, such as glycoproteins and glycolipids, but they do not act as pumps or channels.
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- <em><u>Lipids</u></em><em> have the function of being the main component of the cell membranes.
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- <em><u>Nucleic acids</u></em><em> are found in the nucleus, and are not part of the cell membrane.</em>
