The Fourteenth Amendment, as now applied to the States, protects the citizen against the State itself and all of its creatures —
Boards of Education not excepted. These have, of course, important, delicate, and highly discretionary functions, but none that they may not perform within the limits of the Bill of Rights. That they are educating the young for citizenship is reason for scrupulous protection of Constitutional freedoms of the individual, if we are not to strangle the free mind at its source and teach youth to discount important principles of our government as mere platitudes. On the other hand, the Court has repeatedly emphasized the need for affirming the comprehensive authority of the States and of school officials, consistent with fundamental constitutional safeguards, to prescribe and control conduct in the schools. See Epperson v. Arkansas, supra, at 104; Meyer v. Nebraska, supra, at 402. Our problem lies in the area where students in the exercise of First Amendment rights collide with the rules of the school authorities. —Justice Abe Fortas Tinker v. Des Moines February 24, 1969 What is the best summary of the second paragraph?
Schools should not attempt to curb student behavior unless students are exercising free speech.
The Constitution provides methods for schools to control students.
A problem occurs when school rules violate First Amendment rights.
"Our problem lies in the area where students in the exercise of First Amendment rights collide with the rules of the school authorities. —Justice Abe Fortas Tinker v. Des Moines February 24, 1969"
A- Shays’s Rebellion exposed the weakness of the government under the Articles of Confederation and led many—including George Washington—to call for strengthening the federal government in order to put down future uprisings.
The U.S. debt in 1783 totaled $43 million. That year, Congress was given the power to raise taxes to cover the Government's costs. ... To help raise money, federal bonds were issued by the Government. 1775 - Paying for the American Revolutionary War was the start of the country's debt
