Answer: It is approximately the membrane potential at which the electrochemical gradient for Na+ is zero.
Explanation:
The charge in plasma membrane occurs with diffusion and electric fields.
For example, if there are two solutions, let's assume solution X and Solution Y are separated by a porous barrier (to diffuse in equal proportions).
The fundamental principle of diffusion states that solution from a high concentration diffuses to a lower concentration.
For instance, if the X solution contains 40 sodium ions and 40 chloride ions, the Y solution only has 30 sodium and 30 chloride ions. Due to the diffusion, these two solutions will mix and reach a steady-state.
The like charges repel, and opposite charges attract.
Answer:
Medulla.
By analyzing the DNA extracted from the hair follicle, the medullary index and the pattern of medulla in the hair samples obtained from a crime scene, an investigator can identify the owner.
Explanation:
The hair consists of follicle and shaft. The follicle is the part of the skin, where the hair grows and the hair shaft has three layers: an inner medulla, a cortex, and an outer cuticle.
The morphology (physical characteristics) of hair provides a broad detail on the racial background of an individual and an investigator can identify a group of people who share similar traits. But the hair without follicle cells attached to it, cannot be used to identify a specific individual. If the follicle of a hair is present, then it can lead to individual identification by DNA analysis. Also the medulla of animals is larger than that in the humans. By comparing the medullary index (the ratio of the diameter of the medulla to the diameter of the entire hair), it can be determined if the hair obtained from crime scene belongs to animals or humans. The macroscopic (length, color, and curliness) and microscopic characteristics ( pattern of the medulla, pigmentation of the cortex, and types of scales on the cuticle) of the hair samples are studied during a crime investigation. If the entire hair follicle (follicular tag) is present in the hair samples found at the crime scene, the blood and tissue attached to the follicle is extracted and analyzed using DNA profiling. DNA analysis of the hair follicle provides an identification with greater accuracy than the hair shaft.
To be more correct, the left side is alkali metals
