Social Effects of the Great Depression, was the Optimism to Despair: The optimism disappeared almost overnight when the Wall Street crash on October 29, 1929, triggered the Great Depression starting the downward economic spiral that lead to bankruptcies, mass unemployment, homelessness, and despair.
Mao Zedong granted legal equality for men and women.
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The purpose of this paper is twofold. It aims first to provide a critical overview of the literature on the history of technology as it relates to colonialism, decolonization and development in the extra‐European world during the 20th century. Second, it seeks to identify changing perspectives and emerging research issues in the history of technology in the European colonies and ex‐colonies of Asia and Africa, and thus to trace a move away from earlier ‘diffusion’ arguments and discussion of polarization and conflict between ‘Western’ and ‘indigenous’ technologies, toward a more interactive, culturally‐nuanced, multi‐sited debate about how technology functions within specific parameters of time, place and culture. Body, land and state are identified as major ‘triangulation’ points for the critical investigation and contextualization of these issues.
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