Answer:
1- McCulloch v. Maryland:
-The Second Bank of the United States was involved in the case.
-The Supreme Court ruled that a state could not tax a federal institution
2- Gibbons v. Ogden:
-The state of New York was involved in the case.
-The Supreme Court ruled that a state could not regulate commercial activities between states.
-A state-granted one company exclusive rights over the Hudson river.
Explanation:
1- McCulloch v. Maryland was a case decided by the United States Supreme Court in 1819, in which the state of Maryland was barred from levying a tax on federal banks operating in its territory. As a result, the principle of federalism triumphed over state rights, while the constitutional "Necessary and Proper Clause," which allows Congress to carry out certain actions not expressly stated in the Constitution but that appear to conform with those permitted activities, remained in effect.
2- Gibbons v. Ogden was a Supreme Court decision from 1824 that upheld the federal government's authority to control interstate trade. This is due to a dispute between New York and New Jersey, which was supposed to be settled by municipal courts but ended up breaching the Supreme Court's original authority and the states' right to equality.
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The Bill of Rights is the name of the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution.
The bill was mostly written to address the objections of Anti-Federalists who were worried about the shortcomings of the Constitution. These amendments have added significant guarantees of personal freedom, limits to state power and other important rights that were not included in the Constitution originally.
The Bill was a result of several other documents that were also influential on the Constitution, such as the Virginia Declaration of Rights (1776), the English Bill of Rights (1689) and the Magna Carta (1215). Madison was particularly significant in the passing of these amendments, as he carefully studied the deficiencies of the Constitution.
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