Henry Grady is the managing editor of Atlanta Constitution; leading advocate of a "New South;" he also promoted industrial development with Atlanta as its center of growth. The original use of the term "New South" was an endeavor to label the growth of a South after the Civil War which would no longer be reliant on now-outlawed slave labor or primarily upon the raising of cotton, but rather a South which was also industrialized and part of a modern national economy. In other words, Henry Grady envisioned a south that would have a mixed economy as well as be industrialized rather than one based around single-crop plantations.
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Northern and Eastern Migrations: people from the upper Nile area and southwest Asia. These people became traders, and established the D'mt Kingdom.
Bantu Migrations: Bantu-speaking peoples left their homeland in the Niger River valley. Bantu's were farmers and they spread south and east.
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We are delighted that we have remained firm and unshaken in our resolve to have our children recite the National Pledge in schools.
The National Pledge is no propaganda or a gimmick, but endeavours to see our children becoming proud Zimbabweans who prioritise national ideals and the need to fully serve their nation.
There were several ideas from the Reconstruction and I will focus on:
- 13th Amendment - <u>Very effective </u>
- Sharecropping <u>- needed revising </u>
The Republicans in Congress were able to pass and then ratify the 13th Amendment which:
- Abolished slavery thereby freeing black people
- Allows for Congress to come against other forms of slavery for instance, trafficking.
This was very effective as it ended a dark chapter in American history and paved the way for equality of races.
A disastrous policy that was implemented during Reconstruction was Sharecropping.
Sharecropping was a way by which White landowners kept poor Whites and Black people as legal labor. It involved:
- Lending land to a farmer for payment in the form of harvested crops
- Landowners controlling what the farmer pays them
- Farmers getting into debt because they had to buy seeds and tools from the landowners and interest kept accruing even when they could not harvest enough crops to pay back.
- Farmers being forced to remain on the land to work off their debt.
Sharecropping kept a lot of Black people in bondage and ensured White landowners had a labor force just like during slavery.
This could have been solved by laws being passed that allowed Sharecroppers to change their profession and go into other jobs where they would then have enough money to pay back their debt.
In conclusion, the 13th Amendment allowed the nation to start anew with all people being free but the practice of Sharecropping damaged that in some areas.
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