The addition of an extra nucleotide to a DNA sequence produces a mutation that is called insertion. An insertion mutation can be in various sizes, from one nucleotide base pair to a section of one chromosome inserted into another. When one or more nucleotides are inserted into the genome, the processes of translation and transcription could be disrupted, resulting in altered protein synthesis.
Flying foxes disperse the Cycad seeds if the seed sometimes get swallowed whole.
Explanation:
- Cycads are gymnosperms they do not have seeds enclosed in fruit. Therefore the bats are not attracted to cycad fruit.
- If the bats were susceptible to neurotoxin then they must not have been the frequent feeders of cycad seeds. Biomagnification of neurotoxin in flying fox is a widely researched topic.
- Beetles do not have an association with these bats thus the bats must not be assisting them as important pollinating agents.
It's A, a limiting factor is something that constrains the population size
