Answer:
d. instrumental talk; expressive talk
Explanation:
Instrumental talk refers to the type of 'talk' that is aimed to solve a certain problem. Expressive talk on the other hand refers to the type of 'talk' that is aimed to form a close relationship with other people.
Most culture tend to have a certain expectation of people with different genders. Women tend to be expected to play an attentive/caring role such as taking care of children, which is why reseatrchers believe that they are taught to do expressive talk since they're little. Men on the other hands were expected to be in leadership roles, which is why instrumental talk is taught to men since early age.
What is this mainly about and is this history
In this case the best answer would be reward hard work and patriotism.
Because it is the most correct one.
Describing in a correct way the advice given by Machiavelli.