When the body becomes dehydrated, a chemical signal is sent that causes nephrons in the kidneys to absorb more water and excrete more salts. This is an example of a <em>D Feedback loop</em>.
<span>When cells divide uncontrollably, then there is a huge number of them and they take up most of the space in the body. Thus, lumps start to appear on and in a person's body, on organs and skin, and these lumps often represent cancer. So, uncontrollable division of cells can lead to cancer. Hope this helps. Let me know if you need additional help!</span>
Answer: what are the options?
Explanation:
Mitosis occurs in every cell of the body except in germ cells which are produced from meiotic cell division.
The tree topology
The lengths of the branches
The branching order of the tree
Nucleotide substitution rate
These would not affect maximum likelihood estimates of phylogenies when comparing different tree hypotheses.
<h3>What is tree topology?</h3>
- A unique kind of structure called a tree topology has numerous connected parts arranged like the branches of a tree.
<h3>The lengths of the branches:</h3>
- Branch lengths are a sign of genetic divergence; the longer the branch, the more genetic divergence has taken place.
- Usually, we calculate the average number of nucleotide or protein substitutions per site to assess the degree of genetic alteration.
<h3>The branching order of the tree:</h3>
- The topology of a tree refers to its branching structure.
- Species (or higher taxa), populations, genes, and proteins are examples of taxonomic units that the nodes represent.
- A branch is referred to as an edge, and it represents an estimate of the length of time between the evolutionary relationships between taxonomic units.
<h3>What is nucleotide substitution rate?</h3>
- The instantaneous rate of change from each of the four nucleotides to each of the other four nucleotides is summarized in the nucleotide substitution rate matrix.
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