The three phases of signal transduction is (1) reception, (2) transduction, and (3) response. Reception involves the binding of a ligand, may it be a hormone or a neurotransmitter; to a receptor, may it be a membrane receptor, cytosolic receptor, or a nuclear receptor. After binding of the ligand to the receptor, there will be signal transduction of events that will ultimately form a response. For instance, insulin actin on the insulin receptor will trigger a series of events that will increase the transcription of the gene translating for glucose transporters and ultimately, increase the number of glucose transporters embedded in the cell membrane leading to increased glucose uptake in tissues.
I really don't now I now it but I forgot Okk and thank u buy
Answer:
Some examples of limiting factors are biotic, like food, mates, and competition with other organisms for resources. ... Others are abiotic, like space, temperature, altitude, and amount of sunlight available in an environment. Limiting factors are usually expressed as a lack of a particular resource.
Ch.5: Synaptic Activity
<span>Introduction<span>Otto Loewi studied the heart of the frog, which-like our own hearts- is supplied by two different peripheral nerves. One, the sympathetic nerve, excites the heart and makes it beat more rapidly; the other , the vagus, shows the heart. The problem was to discover the mechanism by which the effects of nerve impulses in either of these nerves are communicated to the heart muscle. Many believed that the electrical nerve impulse spread from the nerve to the muscle as an electrical wave; Loewi thought otherwise.Loewi tested two isolated frog hearts, one with the sympathetic and vagus nerves intact, the other with the nerves removed. A small tube containing salt water was placed in the heart with the nerves attached. When he stimulated the vagus nerve, the heartbeat slowed, as expected. Then he took salt solution that had been in the stimulated heart and placed it inside the heart without nerves. It too immediately slowed- exactly as if its own (missing) vagus nerve had been stimulated.He repeated the same procedure, stimulating the sympathetic nerve instead. The effect was again as if the nerve of the denervated heart itself were stimulated: the denervated heart began beating faster. These results could not be explained electrically; the nerves must have secreted chemicals into the salt solution that directly affect the muscles of the denervated heart.In one simple experiment, Loewi had demonstrated three important findings: (1) that communication at the gap between nerve and heart muscle was chemical, (2) that each nerve released a different transmitter substance, and (3) that it was the characteristics of the different transmitter substances that caused the increase or decrease in heart rate. This was the first direct experimental evidence of the action of chemical neurotransmitters.<span>Like the junction between nerve and heart muscle that Loewi studied, nerve cells communicate with each other at special junctions called synapses. </span></span></span><span><span> thanks and i hope this helps you.....
</span></span>
Answer:
Liquid volume is usually measured using either a graduated cylinder or a buret. As the name implies, a graduated cylinder is a cylindrical glass or plastic tube sealed at one end, with a calibrated scale etched (or marked) on the outside wall.
Explanation:
If you like my answer than please mark me brainliest thanks
