<span>In DNA and RNA, the phosphodiester bond is the linkage between the 3' carbon atom of one sugar molecule and the 5' carbon atom of another, deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA. Strong covalent bondsform between the phosphate group and two 5-carbon ring carbohydrates (pentoses) over two ester bonds.</span>
Answer:
Mutation, migration, genetic drift, and natural selection are all processes that can directly affect gene frequencies in a population.
Explanation:
I think it is in Tales of Suspense #39 that the cover dated March 1963. May 1968 Iron Man #1 received its own title.
The reason for the loss of color after the industrial revolution is that the light-colored moths were "selected against" by predators. These birds could only see the light ones against the newly dark, sooted background. Over time, these predators could no longer distinguish the dark ones from their natural dark, sooted background. Thus more light-colored moths stood out against the dark soot, and were eaten. And more dark-colored moths eluded the birds, survived to reproduce, passing on more of their dominant genes for dark color to their offspring. After several decades of hundreds of thousands of generations, most of the later generations were dark, due to selective advantage of camouflage to survive predation.
Answer:
Plant cells deal with osmosis by being enclosed in a cell wall.
Animal cells use active transport systems to deal with the problem of osmosis.
Fresh water protists have contractile vacuoles to deal with osmosis.
Many bacteria have cell wall to protect them from osmosis.
Explanation:
Plant cells have a rigid cell wall. If a plant cell is places in a place where the conditions are hypotonic, then the cell will tale up water by osmosis but the cell wall will prevent it from bursting. This condition is termed as the cell being 'turgid'.
As animal cells do not have the rigid cell wall, they use the mechanism of active transport system to stop the cell from bursting during osmosis. In this process, ions are moved out of the cell so that the pressure in the cell due to osmosis can be reduced.
Fresh water protists have a structure present in them called as the contractile vacuole. The contractile vacuole has the capability to remove any excess water from the cell as well storing water if there is not enough water.
Bacteria have peptidoglycan cell walls to prevent osmosis.
