Answer:
The correct answer is option C, that is, increase the concentration of the enzyme.
Explanation:
Biological molecules or proteins that enhance the rate of a chemical reaction taking place within the cell are known as enzymes. These proteins play an essential part in the proper functioning of the body, as they help in the process of metabolism and digestion.
In the given case, if the enzyme gets saturated with the substrate, and is working at optimum pH and temperature, then to enhance the rate of the reaction the only thing that can be done is to enhance the concentration of the enzyme. However, further stimulation of some of the enzymes can be done with the addition of allosteric activators in the reaction, otherwise, enhancing the concentration of the enzyme is the only way.
The correct answer is C. The temperature of the water
Explanation:
In an experiment such as the one described about the speed of snails in water, the manipulated variable is the factor or element that is manipulated on purpose. This means the researcher or researchers slightly change this element to compare how this affects another variable. In this context, the manipulated variable is the temperature of the water because researchers used three different temperatures (cool, room-temperature, and warm), and therefore they manipulated or changed this factor. Moreover, it is expected temperature affects the distance nails move, which is the main variable.
Answer:
Option B
Explanation:
The seven stars are bigger in size as compared to the size of the sun. Also, these stars are more luminous as compared to sun. However, these stars appear small in size in comparison to sun because of their distance from earth. The larger is the distance, the dimmer is the star. Sun is at a distance of 0.0000158 Light years from Earth while the nearest star of the seven sister i.e Alpha Centauri is 4.37 light years away.
Hence, option B is correct
Answer:
The enzyme 's active site binds to the substrate. ... When an enzyme binds its substrate it forms an enzyme-substrate complex. Enzymes promote chemical reactions by bringing substrates together in an optimal orientation, thus creating an ideal chemical environment for the reaction to occur
Explanation:
The DNA polymerases are enzymes that create DNA molecules by assembling nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA. These enzymes are essential to DNA replication and usually work in pairs to create two identical DNA strands from one original DNA molecule. During this process, DNA polymerase “reads” the existing DNA strands to create two new strands that match the existing ones.
Every time a cell divides, DNA polymerase is required to help duplicate the cell’s DNA, so that a copy of the original DNA molecule can be passed to each of the daughter cells. In this way, genetic information is transmitted from generation to generation.
Before replication can take place, an enzyme called helicase unwinds the DNA molecule from its tightly woven form. This opens up or “unzips” the double stranded DNA to give two single strands of DNA that can be used as templates for replication.
DNA polymerase adds new free nucleotides to the 3’ end of the newly-forming strand, elongating it in a 5’ to 3’ direction. However, DNA polymerase cannot begin the formation of this new chain on its own and can only add nucleotides to a pre-existing 3'-OH group. A primer is therefore needed, at which nucleotides can be added. Primers are usually composed of RNA and DNA bases and the first two bases are always RNA. These primers are made by another enzyme called primase.
Although the function of DNA polymerase is highly accurate, a mistake is made for about one in every billion base pairs copied. The DNA is therefore “proofread” by DNA polymerase after it has been copied so that misplaced base pairs can be corrected. This preserves the integrity of the original DNA strand that is passed onto the daughter cells.

A surface representation of human DNA polymerase β (Pol β), a central enzyme in the base excision repair (BER) pathway. Image Credit: niehs.nih.gov
Structure of DNA polymerase
The structure of DNA polymerase is highly conserved, meaning their catalytic subunits vary very little from one species to another, irrespective of how their domains are structured. This highly conserved structure usually indicates that the cellular functions they perform are crucial and irreplaceable and therefore require rigid maintenance to ensure their evolutionary advantage.
