Scientists know that a mutation - or alteration - in a particular gene's DNA may contribute to a certain disease. However, it can be very difficult to develop a test to detect these mutations, because most large genes have many regions where mutations can occur. For example, researchers believe that mutations in the genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 cause as many as 60 percent of all cases of hereditary breast and ovarian cancers. But there is not one specific mutation responsible for all of these cases. Researchers have already discovered over 800 different mutations in BRCA1 alone.
The DNA microarray is a tool used to determine whether the DNA from a particular individual contains a mutation in genes like BRCA1and BRCA2. The chip consists of a small glass plate encased in plastic. Some companies manufacture microarrays using methods similar to those used to make computer microchips. On the surface, each chip contains thousands of short, synthetic, single-stranded DNA sequences, which together add up to the normal gene in question, and to variants (mutations) of that gene that have been found in the human population.
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Answer:</h2>
The organisms is <u>D. Methanogens
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Explanation:</h2>
Prokaryotes are the organism which is made up of a cell that does not contain a membrane enclosed nucleus. They have a structure called as nucleiod which looks like a thread in appearance. The eukaryotes are the organism which has membrane bound nucleus.
Among the given list of organism in the options, Methanogens are microorganisms that produce methane as a metabolic result in hypoxic conditions. They are prokaryotic and have a place with the space of archaea.
Apart from this, amoeba, grass and cockroach have membrane bound nucleus.
Preemptive analgesia, a developing clinical concept, is starting an analgesic regimen before the onset of painful stimuli in order to avoid making the nervous system more sensitive to pain-inducing stimuli in the future.
- Pre-emptive analgesia is an antinociceptive medication administered prior to an incision or surgery, thus it's crucial to keep in mind when it should be administered.
- This aids in avoiding the development of altered afferent input processing, which would otherwise exacerbate postoperative pain.
- The three intravenous opioids that are most frequently used to treat postoperative pain are morphine, hydromorphone (dilaudid), and fentanyl.
- The drug of choice for opiates is morphine, which is frequently utilized.
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Pollen is produced in the stamen.
Stamen is the male reproductive part of a flower that produces pollen. The stamen is composed of a slender filament and a compact body called anther. The anther within the stamen is where pollen is produced. The anther is supported by the filament. Hundreds of stamens or only few stamens may be found in a flower.
These would be the elements in row 2 the alkaline metals. Elements in a row usually share many qualities such as electon reactivity as well as similar characteristics like the fact that many alkaline metals are considered Cations, ions with positive charges. Some examples are beryllium and calcium.
