Complete question:
In a separate study, 68 rock pocket mice were collected from four different, widely separated areas of dark lava rock. One collecting site was in Sonora, Mexico. The other three were in Chihuahua, Mexico. Dr. Nachman and colleagues observed no significant differences in the color of the rocks in the four locations sampled. However, the dark-colored mice from the three Chihuahua locations were slightly darker than the dark-colored mice from the Sonora population. The entire Mc1r gene was sequenced in all 68 of the mice collected. The mutations responsible for the dark fur color in the Sonora mice were absent from the three different populations of Chihuahua mice. No Mc1r mutations were associated with dark fur color in the Chihuahua populations. These findings suggest that adaptive dark coloration has occurred at least twice in the rock pocket mouse and that these similar phenotypic changes have different genetic bases.
How does this study support the concept that natural selection is not random?
Answer:
The study supports the concept that natural selection is not random because in different areas with the same or very similar environmental characteristics, the same phenotype was produced by different types of mutations.
Explanation:
All of the sampled animals are inhabiting dark substrate. Probably animals needed to camouflage to survive. Natural selection must have driven them to produce dark color, similar to the substrate color. So animals from the different regions suffered different mutations that drove them to have almost the same dark fur color. The environmental condition is favoring the same phenotype.
Explanation:
A frameshift mutation is an insertion or deletion in a sequence of DNA which disrupts the way the code is read. It occurs when the codons undergo a disruption through the deletion or insertion of one or multiple nucleotides (given that the number removed or added are not multiples of 3) - this alters the open reading frame; the amino acids produced through translation simply occur in a different sequence.
Further Explanation:
During the process of cell division, spontaneous changes within the genome can arise. These mutations are errors occur when copies of the DNA within the cell are made; mutations may range from small changes called single nucleotide polymorphisms, to large scale deletions, and additions which span multiple genes. There are two types:
- somatic: these only occur within certain cells, and arise from environmental factors such as UV light
- hereditary: occur within germ cells of the parent and later the fertilized egg which forms a zygote; these are present within all cells of the new organism.
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Pure culture can be prepared from a mixture of cultures by using the streak plate method. This enables the bacterial cells to be diluted to obtain a pure culture after many-folds dilution.
Pure culture is the one in which only one species, strain or clone of bacteria are grown. The pure culture enables to scientists to study in detail about its anatomy, lifestyle and potential uses or harms, without the interference of any other microbe.
Streak-plate method is the most commonly used technique in microbiology labs to isolate a single type of bacteria. It is performed by creating the smears of bacteria in zig-zag motion to dilute its concentration.
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Answer:
Deforestation is the major problem causing lack of rich species in Costa Rica. This is due to over grazing by cattle.This may lead to flooding which affect fertility of the soil.These animals graze on the plants without regulations,and cause erosion as their hoofs percolate the soil, further reducing soil fertility.
In addition to sustain the beef production, trees were fell to for cattle ranching.This ultimately contributed to loss of the forest species.
Banana plantation is an additional factor.Forest were cleared to cultivate banana, which affects forest population.
Explanation:
