Answer:
instrumental-rational
Explanation:
- A sociologist Max Weber interpreted the effects of Industrial Revolution on social actions. He described the four types of social actions:
Traditional Social Action
Affective/Affectional Social Action
Value Rational Social Action
Instrumental-Rational Social Action
- Instrumental-rational means to pursue most efficient means to achieve a specific goal.
- The goals of the actions are also used as a way of achieving certain objectives.
- So instrumental rational means doing anything it takes to reach a certain goal that does not take into account the consequences of the actions taken to achieve this goal.
- For example an organization's goal is to make maximize profit so it will use most effective and economical means to achieve this goal. For example by decreasing workers not considering the affects on the workers of this action.
- Another example is of a person who wants to gain money. He might rob others or sell drugs etc to get money. A student whose goal is to pass an exam in order to get a degree will give his time to study and might cheat in exam to pass the test.
- In short any actions can be taken which leads to the achievement of a certain goal.
- According to Weber instrumental rationality is destructive because rather than pursuing means and making decisions by taking moral values into consideration, the basic focus is to achieve a goal and make decisions using efficiency not considering moral values.
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Answer:
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