A-B-A-B design could provide the most valid non intervention measure with demonstration of experimental control.
In statistics, the experimental design, also known as the design of experiment (DOE), is described as the layout of an information-gathering experiment in which a variation may or may not be present. Typically, controlled experiments use this phrase. In order to make the results more reliable, these tests minimize the impacts of the variable. In this design, a group of people, plants, animals, etc. may participate in an experimental unit's procedure.
Pre-experimental research designs are the most straightforward kind of experimental research designs in statistics. Following the identification of some factors as causes and effects, a group or groups are kept under observation in this method. Typically, this approach is used to determine whether the targeted group need additional research. This is the reason why this procedure is regarded as being economical.
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They had improved ship designs, navigation accuracy and cannons as well as joint stock companies
