Answer:
Cell > Nucleus > Chromosome > Gene > DNA
Explanation:
Some substances that were not initially filtered in the glomerulus, but must be eliminated from the blood, become a component of urine through the process of urine formation.
Urine: A liquid excrement consisting of water, salts, and urea, which is made in the kidneys then released through the urethra.
The process of urine formation involves 3 major steps:
- Filtration:- Blood enters the afferent arteriole during filtration, flowing into the glomerulus where filterable blood components—such as water and nitrogenous waste—move toward the interior of the glomerulus and nonfilterable blood components—such as cells and serum albumins—exit via the efferent arteriole.
- Reabsorption: During this, ions and molecules will be returned to the bloodstream. As the fluid's osmolarity (ion concentration) fluctuates, water and ions are eliminated as it moves through the proximal/distal convoluted tubules, the loop of Henle, and the collecting duct.
- The process of secretion involves the removal of various substances from the blood into the collecting duct, including hydrogen ions, creatinine, and medications. Urine, the final result of all these procedures, is essentially a collection of chemicals that have not undergone tubular or glomerular reabsorption.
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The correct answer is option (D) Lipid molecules are nonpolar because they repel water molecules, which are polar.
Lipids are organic compounds made up of fatty acids and glycerol. A glycerol is a organic molecule with three hydroxyl groups and a fatty acid consists of a long hydrocarbon chain attached to a carboxyl group.
Lipids are hydrophobic, nonpolar molecules with no charge on their ends. Waxes are long chain nonpolar lipids. The water repelling property of the waxes prevent the water sticking to it and appear as water beads on its surface. The hydrophobic hydrocarbon tail of the fatty acids are hydrophobic in nature making them repel water. The presence of wax on the surface of the plants and animals protects them from dehydration.
Thus, the nonpolar property of lipids make it insoluble in the polar solvents like water as there is no interaction or sharing of electrons between them.
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