OLIGARCHY is ruled by the elite members of society
The balls were passed using hips
A department that is traditionally focused on domestic issues could become involved in foreign policy-making because of two main reasons:
- It can regulate a good or service given internationally. For example, it can be clothes or technological devices.
- Foreign policy-making (or foreign relations), also regulates behavior that could have an international consequence. For example, it could be a business that contaminates the environment.
Muhammad's first revelation was according to Islam, was when Gabreil spoke to him in 610 CE. He told him to follow the Quaran, the equivalent to a Bible for christanity
Because it was a Muslim Empire bet on Conquest of all non-Muslim lands (especially Christian Europe), it was hostile to trade and/or exploration by Christian Kingdoms and/or principalities. Before the Ottomans, Europe used the Silk Road and the Spice Trade Routes that went through the lands that were later conquered by the Ottomans (Asia Minor) who then blocked all trade and exploration ventures into Asia and/or the Middle East.
This forced European powers to seek alternate routes for commerce and exploration in Asia. The Portuguese were the first, they circumnavigated and explored the African coastline all the way to the southernmost part of Africa and finally made it to India. This allowed them to renew and control the lucrative Spice Trade and further map the unknown world. Spain was engaged in a hegemonic strife with Portugal and thanks to Christopher Columbus, who was seeking an alternate; shorter route to India sailed through the Atlantic and discovered the New World.
