You didn't include options but here's the jist - there were many casualties, cities and towns were left in ruins, national identities across Europe were in shambles.
Conquest, war, famine, and death
It is said in the bible in the last book called Revelations
I believe that the answer is oui
At any one time in the year at any one point on the globe, the sun and stars are found above the horizon at certain fixed heights at a distance that mariners can measure with as simple an instrument as one's fingers, laid horizontally atop one another and held at arm's length.
