Pyruvate is first converted to acetaldehyde by enzyme pyruvate decarboxylase in the presence of Thiamine pyrophosphate and Mg ++. Carbon-dioxide is released during this reaction.
Well to I don't know what you mean by in the following cases but, a dependent variable is the variable being tested and measured and also relies on the independent. While on the other hand the independent variable is the variable that is being changed or controlled.
The arrangement favor the rotational movement around the vertical axis. Although it is possible to have some flexion, extension and lateral bending moments also.
