I think the answer would be the Compromise of 1850 that led to sectional tensions and the formation of a new political party. It was a package of five separate bills passed by the United States Congress in September 1850, which defused a four-year political confrontation between slave and free states regarding the status of territories acquired.
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Although the Spanish were greatly outnumbered, their guns and steel weaponry gave them an overwhelming advantage.
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In the late 19th century, "Nativism" as a political and social movement swept through the United States. its followers believed that all people who were not born in the U.S. and were of European heritage should be banned from the country.
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In the nineteenth century the number of Irish immigrants in the eastern United States grew, and the number of Germans in the Midwest. Irish potato famine and economic instability in Germany caused nearly three million people to reach the United States. Many of these people were Catholic. American Protestants, mainly in urban areas, felt threatened by newcomers. For many, the Catholic Church represented tyranny and subjugation to a foreign power. On a practical level, competition for jobs increased as new workers arrived. As anti-immigrant and anti-Catholic sentiments emerged, nativist groups began to form in cities across the United States.
The best-known nativist movement in the United States emerged in the decades before the Civil War. It was the American Party, better known as Know-Nothings. This movement was a reflection of the difficult times facing society in the nineteenth century. The nation faced the serious conflict over slavery and westward expansion.
This anti-immigrant sentiment in the United States has a history that goes back to the first laws of naturalization. For example, it is important to know that laws were made that established that only those white European immigrants were eligible for naturalization. The nativists of the <em>Know-Nothings</em> movement opposed the entry of German and Irish immigrants in the mid-19th century. In 1882, Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Law prohibiting Chinese immigration to the United States.
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The leaders of the Progressive Era worked on a range of overlapping issues that characterized the time, including labor rights, women's suffrage, economic reform, environmental protections, and the welfare of the poor, including poor immigrants. They improved the lives of individuals and communities. Regulations that progressive groups helped to enact still shape government and commerce today, including food safety requirements, child labor laws, and the normalization of the eight-hour workday. The Sixteenth Amendment established a federal income tax, the Seventeenth Amendment allowed for the direct election of Senators, the Eighteenth Amendment prohibited sales of alcohol, and the Nineteenth Amendment guaranteed women the right to vote.
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