The distinction between "computer architecture" and "computer organization" has become very fuzzy, if no completely confused or unusable. Computer architecture was essentially a contract with software stating unambiguously what the hardware does. The architecture was essentially a set of statements of the form "If you execute this instruction (or get an interrupt, etc.), then that is what happens. Computer organization, then, was a usually high-level description of the logic, memory, etc, used to implement that contract: These registers, those data paths, this connection to memory, etc.
Programs written to run on a particular computer architecture should always run correctly on that architecture no matter what computer organization (implementation) is used.
For example, both Intel and AMD processors have the same X86 architecture, but how the two companies implement that architecture (their computer organizations) is usually very different. The same programs run correctly on both, because the architecture is the same, but they may run at different speeds, because the organizations are different. Likewise, the many companies implementing MIPS, or ARM, or other processors are providing the same architecture - the same programs run correctly on all of them - but have very different high - level organizations inside them.
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Peer review is a critical component of the life of the mind and an effective teaching strategy for nurturing students' critical thinking skills. ... peer review of writing is most effective when students have an opportunity to revise their writings prior to submitting a grade. Is it true that peer assessment helps students develop their critical thinking skills?
The students' perceptions of the peer evaluation activity were later elicited in interviews and a short written survey. The findings of the study indicate that peer evaluation activities did help in developing critical thinking skills, thus improving their academic writing performance.
Explanation:
