Question

We define the following terms:

Answer 1

Answer:

Here is the JAVA program:

import java.util.*;  

public class Solution {    // class name

   public static String getSmallestAndLargest(String s, int k) {   //method that takes a string s and and integer k and returns lexicographically smallest and largest substrings

       String smallest = "";   //stores the smallest substring

       String largest = "";   //stores the largest substring

       smallest = largest = s.substring(0, k);  //sets the smallest and largest to substring from 0-th start index and k-th end index of string s

       for(int i = 0;i<=s.length()-k;i++){  //iterates through the string s till length()-k

            String subString = s.substring(i,i+k);  //stores the substring of string s from ith index to i+k th index

            if(i == 0){ //if i is equal to 0

                smallest = subString;              }  //assigns subString to smallest

            if(subString.compareTo(largest)>0){ //checks if the subString is lexicographically greater than largest

                largest = subString;  //sets subString to largest

            }else if(subString.compareTo(smallest)<0)  //checks if the subString is lexicographically less than smallest

                smallest = subString;       }       //sets subString to smallest

       return smallest + "\n" + largest;     }  //returns the lexicographically smallest and largest substrings

   public static void main(String[] args) {  //start of main method

       Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);  //creates Scanner object

       String s = scan.next();  //scans and reads input string from user

       int k = scan.nextInt();  //scans and reads integer k from user

       scan.close();  

       System.out.println(getSmallestAndLargest(s, k));      }  }  //calls method by passing string s and integer k to it to display lexicographically smallest and lexicographically largest substring

Explanation:

The program takes a string s and an integer k and passes them to function getSmallestAndLargest that returns the lexicographically smallest and lexicographically largest substring. The method works as follows:

Lets say s = helloworld and k = 3

       smallest = largest = s.substring(0, k);

s.substring(0, k);  is returns the substring from 0th index to k-th index so it gives substring hel

       for(int i = 0;i<=s.length()-k;i++) This loop iterates through the string s till s.length()-k times

s.length()-k is equal to 7 in this example

At first iteration:

i = 0

i<=s.length()-k is true  so program enters the body of loop

String subString = s.substring(i,i+k); this becomes:

subString = s.substring(0,3);

subString = "hel"

if(i == 0) this is true so:

smallest = subString;

smallest = "hel"

At second iteration:

i = 1

i<=s.length()-k is true  so program enters the body of loop

String subString = s.substring(i,i+k); this becomes:

subString = s.substring(1,4);

subString = "ell"

if(subString.compareTo(smallest)<0) this condition is true because the subString ell is compared to smallest hel and it is lexographically less than smallest so :

smallest = subString;

smallest = "ell"

So at each iteration 3 characters of string s are taken and if and else if condition checks if these characters are lexicographically equal, smaller or larger and the values of largest and smallest change accordingly

After the loop ends the statement return smallest + "\n" + largest; executes which returns the smallest and largest substrings. So the output of the entire program with given example is:

ell                                                                                                                                           wor

Here ell is the lexicographically  smallest substring and wor is lexicographically  largest substring in the string helloworld

The screenshot of the program along with its output is attached.