Middle school math! I actually know how to teach differential calculus to middle schoolers, but I wouldn't start with this example, where we're gonna have to integrate eventually.
We have

We have an odd mix of s and t on the right, which means this probably was an implicit derivative to begin with. In other words, instead of s as a function of t, we have some equation of s and t that is satisfied.
We move the variables to their respective sides

Integrating,

We only need one constant of integration.
I won't bother to write the square root. This is choice D.