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Chlorophyll is contained within the thylakoid membrane. Stroma is the space between the thylakoid membrane and the chloroplast membrane. The outer most part is the double membrane in which the whole chloroplast is housed. It is like the walls of the house.
<span>Chloroplasts are surrounded by this double membrane and contain a third inner membrane which is the thylakoid membrane. This membrane forms long folds within the organelle. In electron micrographs, thylakoid membranes appear like stacks of coins.</span>
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Answer:
a mineral is scraped or rubbed hardly on sandpaper or unglazed porcelain
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Answer:
The answer is C. External fertilization doesn't require sexual intercourse.
Explanation:
Fertilization is the process by which haploid gametes, sperm and egg, unite to produce a genetically distinct individual.
Fertilization in most of the animals is similar to that in humans. Animals also produce gametes for fusion. But the fusion of gametes may take place inside or outside the body. Based on this, fertilization is of two types – internal and external fertilization.
Internal fertilization
In sexual reproduction, the male inserts the sperms into the female reproductive tract to fuse with the egg. If the fusion takes place within the female parent, it is called internal fertilization.
External fertilization
When the fusion of sperm and egg takes place outside the female parent, it is called external fertilization. Only a minority of organisms exhibit this type of gamete fusion. For example, fish, frogs, etc. Here the female parent deposits her eggs in a place and later, the male parent ejects his sperms over them, then fusion takes place.
Gametes that fuse externally has to face many challenges. Since eggs and sperms are deposited in the external environment, the chances of fusion are very less. Predators may eat eggs and the zygote that is formed. To compensate this loss, organisms like fish and frogs lay hundreds of eggs at a time.