Answer:
Gene Flow
Explanation:
Gene flow is when genetic material gets transferred from one population to another.
DNA microarray uses 20-40 sequence-specific oligonucleotides as probes to identify the SNP.
DNA microarray is a technique used to measure gene expression. It works on the principle of hybridization.
The genome of the reference organism is attached to a solid surface (silicon chip). The DNA of the test organism is made to hydride with the reference organism. Depending on the level of hybridization the fluorescent or the chemiluminescent is measured to identify the expression.
Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is the change in the single nucleotide of the genome. SNPs can be identified with the help of DNA microarray.
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Its common. In the last 10 million years, there have been 4 or 5 reversals per million years
Answer: ozone concentration
Explanation: The Dobson Unit is the most common unit for measuring ozone concentration. Becuse ozone concentration is hard to measure they use The Dobson Unit.
Answer:
The respiratory system is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for gas exchange in animals and plants. The anatomy and physiology that make this happen varies greatly, depending on the size of the organism, the environment in which it lives and its evolutionary history. In land animals the respiratory surface is internalized as linings of the lungs. Gas exchange in the lungs occurs in millions of small air sacs called alveoli in mammals and reptiles, but atria in birds. These microscopic air sacs have a very rich blood supply, thus bringing the air into close contact with the blood. These air sacs communicate with the external environment via a system of airways, or hollow tubes, of which the largest is the trachea, which branches in the middle of the chest into the two main bronchi. These enter the lungs where they branch into progressively narrower secondary and tertiary bronchi that branch into numerous smaller tubes, the bronchioles. In birds the bronchioles are termed parabronchi. It is the bronchioles, or parabronchi that generally open into the microscopic alveoli in mammals and atria in birds. Air has to be pumped from the environment into the alveoli or atria by the process of breathing which involves the muscles of respiration.
Explanation:
