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1) A major reform movement that was widely supported was the effort to make education available to more children. In 1837, Horace Mann became the secretary for the new Massachusetts Board of Education, and he had an idea for a "common school", or a school where regular kids could get an education. The common school movement would make sure that every kid got an education, and that the schools would be paid for with taxes from the public. Mann believed that education was key in socializing, being involved in the government, and being a good citizen. 2) The Second Great Awakening was a Protestant revival movement during the early nineteenth century which began around 1790 and gained momentum by 1800. During this movement, people believed that if children were educated, they could be better citizens. The literacy rate went up and people could read and understand the Bible, and children were given religious training. 3) Sarah Angelina Emily Grimké, known as the Grimké sisters, were the first American female advocates of abolition of slavery and women's rights.They were writers, orators, and educators. Elizabeth Blackwell was the first woman in America to receive a medical degree, and championed the participation of women in the medical profession and ultimately opened her own medical college for women. 4) Women of African descent who were enslaved usually had no public life and were considered property that could be sold and raped with impunity by those who, under the law, owned them. One area of public life assumed by white women was the role of a writer. Sometimes they would write under male or ambiguous pseudonyms. Some women gained access to higher education so they could be better teachers of their sons, as future public citizens, and of their daughters, as future educators of another generation. During the late 1800s and early 1900s, women and women's organizations worked to gain the right to vote and for broad-based economic and political equality and for social reforms.
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