Microorganisms that are capable of causing disease are called pathogens. Although microorganisms that cause disease often receive the most attention, it is important to note that most microorganisms do not cause disease. In fact, many probably provide some protection against harmful microorganisms because they effectively compete with the harmful organisms for resources, preventing them from growing.
I remember the secondary structure by visualizing it. Understand that primary structure is just the order of the amino acids. The tertiary structure is the 3dimensional configuration of the whole protein molecule with multiple interactions guiding its fold (disulfide bonds, ionic interactions, hydrogen bonds, van der walls). Secondary structure is a step towards the conformation of the protein where it is made up of either alpha-helices or beta-pleated sheets. The alpha helices look like a spiraling staircase while the beta-pleated sheets look like a repetition of long loops. These two structures hold itself by hydrogen bonds.
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DNA is made up of molecules called nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains a phosphate group, a sugar group and a nitrogen base. The four types of nitrogen bases are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C). The order of these bases is what determines DNA's instructions, or genetic code.
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