Cell-wall inhibiting antimicrobial drugs be less effective on gram-negative bacteria compared to gram-positive bacteria because the outer membrane of the gram-negative bacteria inhibits penetration of the drug and the peptidoglycan found in gram-positive bacteria is structurally different from that in gram-negative bacteria.
Answer: Option B & C
<u>Explanation:</u>
Antimicrobial drugs are induced into a body to act on that particular selective bacterium which causes disease. When antimicrobial drugs are injected they act efficiently on the gram positive bacteria inhibiting the proliferation of the cells by acting on the cell wall so that cell multiplication doesn’t happen.
On the other hand it is hard to act on the gram-negative bacteria as it has a cell membrane that inhibits drug penetration into it. Both cell walls contain peptidoglycan but in the gram-positive is more assembled and layered while in the gram-negative it is just a thin layer. As gram-positive is thick layered it provides place for another molecule to attach to it but the thin layer in gram-negative inhibits it.
Genetic transmission is the mechanism that drive evolution.Asexually reproducing organisms reproducing organisms reproduce using mitosis, while the sexually reproducing organisms reproduce using meiosis.
Both these mechanisms are involved in duplication of DNA which then get passed to offspring and RNA is key component in the duplication of DNA. The genetic information heritable biological information coded in the nucleotide sequence of DNA or RNA.
Genetic material is includes genes and DNA which control the development , maintenance and reproduction of organisms. These messages is passed from generation to generation through inherited units of chemical information. It consist of only two transcription and translation they known as gene expression , during this process of transcription store in gene DNA is passed to similar molecule called RNA in nucleus.
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The right answer is: vitamin C and choline
Choline (vitamin B4) is the precursor on the one hand acetylcholine (important neurotransmitter and neuromodulator) and on the other hand, the cascade initiated by betaine (intermediate in the biological methylation and precursor of membrane lipids). In this, it is considered, by extension, as an integral part of the family of B vitamins,
Vitamin C protects against cellular aging, is essential for the immune defenses and increases the assimilation of iron of plant origin. It also contributes to the formation of collagen. Its deficiency leads to a disease called scurvy (hence the ascorbic acid name of vitamin C).
C. transporting nutrients to cells
Ecologists are the persons who study the interrelationships between organisms and their environments. Like they research upon the species found in forests or deserts interact with each other and as well as their surroundings.
They test whether a species is occupying its complete fundamental niche or only a portion of it by observing if the species are expanding their range after the removal of a competitor because two species with the same fundamental niche will exclude other competing species.
