Answer:
No, mutations do not all result in negative effects. Sometimes they can be beneficial, as they are completely random. It is our general tendency to think of the word "mutation" in negative terms; however, do not get confused. Mutations are the root/ultimate source of genetic variation; they are one of the main factors that allow populations to evolve.
If animals are only reproducing with each other so they will most likely get the same traits or very similar traits
Starfish commonly reproduce by free-spawning: releasing their gametes into the water where they hopefully are fertilized by gametes from the opposite sex.
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Starfish reproduce by fragmentation also </span>
