Answer:
B) cAMP
Explanation:
Phosphodiesterase is an enzyme that breaks a phosphodiester bond, for example in molecules such as cAMP and cGMP. So, phosphodiestarases are are regulators of signal transduction: regulate the duration of signaling pathway.
Caffeine is central-nervous-system stimulant and the mechanisms of its action usually are: mobilization of intracellular calcium or inhibition of specific phosphodiesterases.
For the 1st one I would say C as it says Cells are the smallest form of life, for the 2nd one I would say C because the others all have animal which doesn't have cell wall, 3rd is A
TSH level, because if we are testing the levels of TSH with a person who has Hashimoto's disease and one who does not have Hashimoto's disease.
Polar substances .
u havent given any option
A type of glycocalyx called the slime layer is loosely attached to the bacterial cell and protects it from dehydration and loss of nutrients .
<h3>What is glycocalyx ?</h3>
The glycocalyx is a thick outer covering of the plasma membrane .it is of stands of sugars and proteins bound together ,the result is a thick ,sticky layer that helps cells stay put in environments with lots of physical stress .it is a glycoprotein and glycolipid covering that surrounds the cell membranes of bacteria ,epithelial cells and other cells .
Glycocalyx in humans : it is important to both vascular function and the digestive system . your blood vessels actually tiny tubes made of cells .the cells on the very inside of the tube are called endothelial cells and have to withstand the stress of blood flowing over them constantly. endothelial cells produce a glycocalyx which helps leukocytes and thrombocytes stick to blood vessel walls.it is the protective layer of the endothelial cells found in the lumen side of the vessels .
Glycocalyx in bacteria : most of the bacteria produce glycocalyx but some are expert .these expert bacteria make a very thick glycocalyx that helps them to adhere to each other and surfaces in extreme environments .bacteria use the glycocalyx to make thick films of bacteria in nature as well ,called a biofilm .
Learn more about glycocalyx here:
brainly.com/question/5590059
#SPJ4
