Answer: scientific theory is an explanation of observations or events that is based on knowledge gained from many observations or events.
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Unlike prokaryotes, eukaryotic cells compartmentalize various metabolic processes inside membrane-bound organelles. For example, the breakdown of certain food molecules to provide energy takes place in the mitochondrion, and photosynthesis takes place in a chloroplast.
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Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation as a function of the wavelength or frequency of the radiation. Simply, spectroscopy is the study of color as generalized from visible light to all bands of the electromagnetic spectrum; historically, spectroscopy originated as the study of the wavelength dependence of the absorption by the gas phase matter of visible light dispersed by a prism. Matter waves and acoustic waves can also be considered forms of radiative energy, recently gravitational waves have been associated with a spectral signature in the context of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory as well. Spectroscopy, primarily in the electromagnetic spectrum, is a fundamental exploratory tool in the fields of physics, chemistry, and astronomy, allowing the composition, physical structure and electronic structure of matter to be investigated at the atomic, molecular and macro scale, and over astronomical distances.
The spectrum is determined by measuring changes in the intensity or frequency of this energy. The types of radiative energy studied include: Electromagnetic radiation was the first source of energy used for spectroscopic studies. Techniques that employ electromagnetic radiation are typically classified by the wavelength region of the spectrum and include microwave, terahertz, infrared, near-infrared, ultraviolet-visible, x-ray, and gamma spectroscopy. Dynamic mechanical analysis can be employed to radiating energy, similar to acoustic waves, to solid materials. The types of spectroscopy also can be distinguished by the nature of the interaction between the energy and the material example:Absorption- when energy from the radiative source is absorbed by the material. Elastic scattering and reflection spectroscopy determine how incident radiation is reflected or scattered by a material. Crystallography employs the scattering of high energy radiation, to examine the arrangement of atoms in proteins and solid crystals. Coherent or resonance spectroscopy are techniques where the radiative energy couples two quantum states of the material in a coherent interaction that is sustained by a radiating field. Spectroscopic studies are designed so that the radiant energy interacts with specific types of matter.
