Answer:
The correct answer is
2. Water
Explanation:
The specific heat capacity is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by one degree. It is connected to the capacity of the substance to retain heat as well as the rate at which it will cool down or heat up when exposed to a specific amount of heat loss or heat supplied. A substance with a low heat capacity such as iron will cool down or heat up more quicker than a substance with a high heat capacity such as water.
From the list of substances water has the highest heat capacity, (4.18 J/g) as such it will retain heat for the longest period of time.
Moles = mass / molar mass
<span>moles P = 0.422 g / 30.97 g/mol = 0.01363 mol </span>
<span>moles O = (0.967 g - 0.422g) / 16.00 g/mol = 0.03406 moles </span>
<span>So ratio moles P : moles O </span>
<span>= 0.01363 mol : 0.03406 mol </span>
<span>Divide each number in the ratio by the smallest number </span>
<span>(0.01363 / 0.01363) : (0.03406 / 0.01363) </span>
<span>= 1 : 2.5 </span>
<span>The empirical formula needs to be the smallest whole number ratio of atoms in the molecules. Since you have a non-whole number, multiply the ratio by the smallest number needed to make both number whole numbers. In this case x 2 </span>
<span>2 x (1 : 2.5) </span>
<span>= 2 : 5 </span>
