<span>The statement that "A centralized structure does not provide information from local stores that would be useful in changing its technology quickly is an example that illustrates the effect of structure on strategy" is true.
</span><span> Changes in the external environment are the reason why changes in the technology and emergence of dynamic technological advancements should be done.</span>
It is - not stereospecific
, a reaction in which the stereochemistry of the reactants controls the outcome of the reaction; - bimolecular at rate-determining step
, it involves two molecules; - first order, - rates is governed by the stability of the carbocation that is formed.
<span>it is caused by A.overgrazing
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Answer:
Explanation:
When most non-technical people hear the term “seven layers”, they either think of the popular Super Bowl bean dip or they mistakenly think about the seven layers of Hell, courtesy of Dante’s Inferno (there are nine). For IT professionals, the seven layers refer to the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, a conceptual framework that describes the functions of a networking or telecommunication system.
The model uses layers to help give a visual description of what is going on with a particular networking system. This can help network managers narrow down problems (Is it a physical issue or something with the application?), as well as computer programmers (when developing an application, which other layers does it need to work with?). Tech vendors selling new products will often refer to the OSI model to help customers understand which layer their products work with or whether it works “across the stack”.
Layer 7 - Application
To further our bean dip analogy, the Application Layer is the one at the top--it’s what most users see. In the OSI model, this is the layer that is the “closest to the end user”. It receives information directly from users and displays incoming data it to the user. Oddly enough, applications themselves do not reside at the application layer. Instead the layer facilitates communication through lower layers in order to establish connections with applications at the other end. Web browsers (Google Chrome, Firefox, Safari, etc.) TelNet, and FTP, are examples of communications that rely on Layer 7.
Layer 6 - Presentation
The Presentation Layer represents the area that is independent of data representation at the application layer. In general, it represents the preparation or translation of application format to network format, or from network formatting to application format. In other words, the layer “presents” data for the application or the network. A good example of this is encryption and decryption of data for secure transmission - this happens at Layer 6.
A computer uses unallocated space also know as free space to keep a file that has been deleted in its disk until a new file takes it spot and overwrites it.
