An 8-year-old girl has had difficulty swallowing for the past day. On examination, her pharynx is swollen and erythematous with
an overlying yellow exudate. Laboratory studies show neutrophilia. Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus) is cultured from her pharynx. Which of the following substances is most likely to increase in response to pyrogens released by this organism? A. Hageman factor B. Immunoglobulin E C. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) D. Nitric oxide E Prostaglandins
In Veterinary Medicine (Eleventh Edition), 2017 book it is mentioned that when bacteria release pyrogens it abrupt the functioning of Interleukin-1 which is responsible for fever. It increases the synthesis of prostaglandins in hypothalamus which disrupts the thermostatically set point and initiate mechanism of vasoconstriction and shivering thermogenesis until the body temperature reached to hypothalamus set point.
Invasive species cause harm to wildlife in many ways. When a new and aggressive species is introduced into an ecosystem, it may not have any natural predators or controls. ... Invasive species can also alter the abundance or diversity of species that are important habitat for native wildlife.
