Answer:
In this question, you have to pick out 2 or 3 points that the source tells us about the topic in question.
You then need to comment on what the source misses out.
The first step to answering this question is identifying the relevant points that are mentioned in the source.
hope this helps!!!
Explanation:
Walter Reckless (1899-1988) was an American criminologist, who developed the containment theory on delinquency and crime to explain the phenomenon mentioned above: why there are "good boys in bad neighborhoods".
This theory highlights how certain personal characteristics can isolate individuals from a surrounding environment full of delinquency. This person develops containment mechanisms, even tough, there are multiple stimulus around which push his/her towards crime. These mechanisms can be internal, such as a solid personality, clear goals in life, know how to manage frustation or external such as social groups which foster positive attitudes.
On the other hand, there are also opposite mechanisms, both internal and external as well, which bring individuals closer to crime.
B) Second back of the united states.
Hope it helps! :)
Answer:
Engel v. Vitale
LAW CASE
WRITTEN BY: The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Engel v. Vitale, case in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled on June 25, 1962, that voluntary prayer in public schools violated the U.S. Constitution’s First Amendment prohibition of a state establishment of religion.
New York state’s Board of Regents wrote and authorized a voluntary nondenominational prayer that could be recited by students at the beginning of each school day. In 1958–59 a group of parents that included Steven Engel in Hyde Park, New York, objected to the prayer, which read, “Almighty God, we acknowledge our dependence upon Thee, and we beg Thy blessings upon us, our parents, our teachers, and our country,” and sued the school board president, William Vitale. The prayer, which proponents argued was constitutional because it was voluntary and promoted the free exercise of religion (also protected in the First Amendment), was upheld by New York’s courts, prompting the petitioners to file a successful appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court. Engel et al. were supported by the American Civil Liberties Union, and briefs were filed on their behalf by the American Ethical Union and the American Jewish Committee, while the governments of some 20 states called on the U.S. Supreme Court to uphold the prayer.
Oral arguments took place on April 3, 1962. The Supreme Court’s ruling was released on June 25 and found New York’s law unconstitutional by a margin of 6–1 (two justices did not participate in the decision). Hugo L. Black wrote the Supreme Court’s opinion, in which the majority argued “that, by using its public school system to encourage recitation of the Regents’ prayer, the State of New York has adopted a practice wholly inconsistent with the Establishment Clause.” The lone dissent came from Potter Stewart, who argued that the majority had “misapplied a great constitutional principle” and could not understand “how an ‘official religion’ is established by letting those who want to say a prayer say it. On the contrary, I think to deny the wish of these school children to join in reciting this prayer is to deny them the opportunity of sharing in the spiritual heritage of our Nation.” The decision, the first in which the Supreme Court had ruled unconstitutional public school sponsorship of religion, was unpopular with a broad segment of the American public.
