If the bold numbers and variables are 2x + 5, then those would be B. addend, or the numbers that are added. Minuend is the number from which you subtract. And since there is no dividing here, C or D are incorrect.
If the dog chews off 4 inches every day, you first have to multiply the inches by the number of days, which in this case is 3 x 4, which equals 12. In 3 days, he chewed off 12 of the original 15 inches, leaving only 3 inches left.