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2 years ago

The effect of pH on the binding of oxygen to hemoglobin results in:

Chemistry

1 answer:

siniylev [52]2 years ago

3 0

Answer:

D. increasing protonation of β-chains His 146 with decreasing pH (i.e., higher H concentration) which stabilizes the T state conformation of Hemoglobin.

Explanation:

Human Hemoglobin is a tetrameric protein: consists of two α- and two β-subunits, and is organized as a dimer of two identical αβ dimers to form an (αβ)2 tetramer. Each subunit contains one heme group to which one O2 molecule binds reversibly. Hemoglobin principally has T low oxygen affinity state and R high oxygen affinity state, deoxyHb and fully liganded Hb respectively.

The binding of ligands such as H+, Cl- or BPG lowers the O2 affinity, in such way that affinity of hemoglobin towards oxygen O2 is decreased, when acidity of the environmental solution increases. So, when pH decrease acidity increases, there are more H+ available who bind to His 146 in β1 and β2 respectively. After that, O2 is released.

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For the following problem convert both the reactants to moles and balance chemical equationsThe reaction of 167 g Fe2O3 with 85.

saul85 [17]

Let's start by balancing the reaction:

$Fe_2O_3+CO\longrightarrow Fe+CO_2$

As we can see, C appears only on two comopunds, CO and CO₂, and since both have 1 C each, their coefficients have to be the same for C to be balanced. However, CO has 1 O and CO₂ has 2, so there is a difference of 1 O betwee them.

The other source of O is Fe₂O₃, that has 3 O. So, we must choose a coefficient for CO and CO₂ such that the difference between the numbers of O is a multiple of 3, that way we can fix this difference with the O from Fe₂O₃. So, we can put coefficients of 3 on both of them:

$Fe_2O_3+3CO\longrightarrow Fe+3CO_2$

That way, we maintained C balanced (3 on each side) and now we have 3 + 3 O on the left side and 6 O on the right side, so the same amount.

Now, we just have to calance Fe, but it is easy since we have it alone in Fe. Since we have 2 on the left side, it is enough to put a coefficient of 2 on Fe to get the balanced reaction:

$Fe_2O_3+3CO\longrightarrow2Fe+3CO_2$

Now, to convert from mass to number of moles, we need the molar masses of the reactants, which we can calculate from the atomic weights of the elemnts in each of them:

$M_{Fe_2O_3}=2\cdot M_{Fe}+3\cdot M_O=(2\cdot55.845+3\cdot15.9994)g/mol=159.6882g/mol$ $M_{CO}=1\cdot M_C+1\cdot M_O=(1\cdot12.0107+1\cdot15.9994)g/mol=28.0101g/mol$

Now, we can convert their masses to number of moles:

$\begin{gathered} M_{Fe_{2}O_{3}}=\frac{m_{Fe_2O_3}}{n_{Fe_{2}O_{3}}} \\ n_{Fe_2O_3}=\frac{m_{Fe_2O_3}}{M_{Fe_{2}O_{3}}}=\frac{167g}{159.6882g/mol}=1.045787\ldots mol \end{gathered}$ $\begin{gathered} M_{CO}=\frac{m_{CO}}{n_{CO}} \\ n_{CO}=\frac{m_{CO}}{M_{CO}}=\frac{85.8g}{28.0101g/mol}=3.063180\ldots mol \end{gathered}$

Now, to determine the limiting reactant, we need to divide both the number of mole by their coefficients on the balanced reaction, so we can see how many we need per reaction of each:

$\begin{gathered} Fe_2O_3\colon\frac{n_{Fe_2O_3}}{1}=\frac{1.045787\ldots mol}{1}=1.045787\ldots mol \\ CO\colon\frac{n_{CO}}{3}=\frac{3.063180\ldots mol}{3}=1.021060\ldots mol \end{gathered}$

Now, the limiting reactant is the one we have less number of moles per reaction. We can see that we have less CO than Fe₂O₃, so the limiting reactant is CO.

4 0

1 year ago

What effect does the use of an uncalibrated thermometer have on the boiling point?

aleksandrvk [35]

The pressure of the atmosphere Boiling point is defined as when the vapor pressure of the liquid equals to the atmospheric pressure then it starts to boil that temperature is called boiling point.

8 0

3 years ago

Is chemistry required to get into speech language pathology?

liraira [26]

Answer:

As of right now (4-7-2021), the physical science requirement for the SLP certificate must be met by completing coursework in the areas of either chemistry or physics.

6 0

3 years ago

Can someone help? I wasn't at school the day we did this and I don't understand.

Anton [14]

1) 2700 kg/l
2) 13.6 kg/l
3) 0.1578 kg
4) 8921.5 kg/m3
5) 1.59 kg/l
6) 1.84 kg/l
7) 0.21965 kg
8) 11331.9 kg/m3
9) 7.9167 kg/l
10) 238.095 cm3

Just divide the masses by volume to find out the density, multiply the volume with density to find out the mass and divide the mass by density to find out the volume.
To turn the result into SI unit (kg/l), divide the g by 1000 and ml by 1000.

7 0

3 years ago

What is the natural rate of nitrogen fixation in Earth’s ecosystems? What is the natural rate of nitrogen fixation in Earth’s ec

quester [9]

Answer:

100 teragrams of nitrogen per year

Explanation:

Nitrogen fixation in Earth's ecosystems is defined as a process where by nitrogen in air is transformed into ammonia or other related nitrogenous compounds. Generally, atmospheric nitrogen is referred to as molecular dinitrogen and it is a nonreactive compound that is metabolically useless to all but a few microorganisms. This process is vital to life due to the fact that inorganic nitrogen compounds are needed for the biosynthesis of amino acids, protein, and all other nitrogen-containing organic compounds. Thus, the natural rate of nitrogen fixation in Earth's ecosystems is 100 tetragrams of nitrogen per year.

7 0

3 years ago