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dedylja [7]
2 years ago
13

The lifetime X (in hundreds of hours) of a certain type of vacuum tube has a Weibull distribution with parameters α = 2 and β =

3.† Compute the following. (Round your answers to three decimal places.) (a) E(X) and V(X) E(X) = 2.659 V(X) = 1.931 (b) P(X ≤ 3) .6321 (c) P(1 ≤ X ≤ 3) .5269
Mathematics
1 answer:
stich3 [128]2 years ago
7 0

I'm assuming \alpha is the shape parameter and \beta is the scale parameter. Then the PDF is

f_X(x)=\begin{cases}\dfrac29xe^{-x^2/9}&\text{for }x\ge0\\\\0&\text{otherwise}\end{cases}

a. The expectation is

E[X]=\displaystyle\int_{-\infty}^\infty xf_X(x)\,\mathrm dx=\frac29\int_0^\infty x^2e^{-x^2/9}\,\mathrm dx

To compute this integral, recall the definition of the Gamma function,

\Gamma(x)=\displaystyle\int_0^\infty t^{x-1}e^{-t}\,\mathrm dt

For this particular integral, first integrate by parts, taking

u=x\implies\mathrm du=\mathrm dx

\mathrm dv=xe^{-x^2/9}\,\mathrm dx\implies v=-\dfrac92e^{-x^2/9}

E[X]=\displaystyle-xe^{-x^2/9}\bigg|_0^\infty+\int_0^\infty e^{-x^2/9}\,\mathrm x

E[X]=\displaystyle\int_0^\infty e^{-x^2/9}\,\mathrm dx

Substitute x=3y^{1/2}, so that \mathrm dx=\dfrac32y^{-1/2}\,\mathrm dy:

E[X]=\displaystyle\frac32\int_0^\infty y^{-1/2}e^{-y}\,\mathrm dy

\boxed{E[X]=\dfrac32\Gamma\left(\dfrac12\right)=\dfrac{3\sqrt\pi}2\approx2.659}

The variance is

\mathrm{Var}[X]=E[(X-E[X])^2]=E[X^2-2XE[X]+E[X]^2]=E[X^2]-E[X]^2

The second moment is

E[X^2]=\displaystyle\int_{-\infty}^\infty x^2f_X(x)\,\mathrm dx=\frac29\int_0^\infty x^3e^{-x^2/9}\,\mathrm dx

Integrate by parts, taking

u=x^2\implies\mathrm du=2x\,\mathrm dx

\mathrm dv=xe^{-x^2/9}\,\mathrm dx\implies v=-\dfrac92e^{-x^2/9}

E[X^2]=\displaystyle-x^2e^{-x^2/9}\bigg|_0^\infty+2\int_0^\infty xe^{-x^2/9}\,\mathrm dx

E[X^2]=\displaystyle2\int_0^\infty xe^{-x^2/9}\,\mathrm dx

Substitute x=3y^{1/2} again to get

E[X^2]=\displaystyle9\int_0^\infty e^{-y}\,\mathrm dy=9

Then the variance is

\mathrm{Var}[X]=9-E[X]^2

\boxed{\mathrm{Var}[X]=9-\dfrac94\pi\approx1.931}

b. The probability that X\le3 is

P(X\le 3)=\displaystyle\int_{-\infty}^3f_X(x)\,\mathrm dx=\frac29\int_0^3xe^{-x^2/9}\,\mathrm dx

which can be handled with the same substitution used in part (a). We get

\boxed{P(X\le 3)=\dfrac{e-1}e\approx0.632}

c. Same procedure as in (b). We have

P(1\le X\le3)=P(X\le3)-P(X\le1)

and

P(X\le1)=\displaystyle\int_{-\infty}^1f_X(x)\,\mathrm dx=\frac29\int_0^1xe^{-x^2/9}\,\mathrm dx=\frac{e^{1/9}-1}{e^{1/9}}

Then

\boxed{P(1\le X\le3)=\dfrac{e^{8/9}-1}e\approx0.527}

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F(y) = y + y^2 - 3

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3 years ago
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<h3>2)</h3>

\text{Given that,}~\\\\f(x) = \dfrac{1}{3x-2}\\\\\textbf{Power rule:}\\\\\dfrac{d}{dx}(x^n) = nx^{n-1}\\\\\textbf{Chain rule:}\\\\\dfrac{dy}{dx} = \dfrac{dy}{du} \cdot \dfrac{du}{dx}\\\\\text{Now,}\\\\f'(x) = \dfrac{d}{dx} f(x)\\\\\\~~~~~~~~=\dfrac{d}{dx} \left( \dfrac 1{3x-2} \right)\\\\\\~~~~~~~~=\dfrac{d}{dx} (3x-2)^{-1}\\\\\\~~~~~~~~=-(3x-2)^{-1-1} \cdot \dfrac{d}{dx}(3x-2)\\\\\\~~~~~~~~=-(3x-2)^{-2} \cdot 3\\\\\\~~~~~~~~=-\dfrac{3}{(3x-2)^2}

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