Answer:
<em>The correct option is cell surface markers.</em>
Explanation:
The immune cells of our body detect foreign particles and generate responses so that our body can get rid of them. The foreign particles are often termed as antigens.
The immune cells such as antibodies possess cell surface receptors which detect the foreign objects or antigens. When the cell surface receptors detect any antigen they immediately recognize that a foreign particle has invaded the body and they then identify it and start to generate response.
Answer:
<u>c. Sucrose and glucose</u>
Explanation:
The paramecium is a large, single-celled microbes, surrounded by a plasma membrane. Simple diffusion occurs in cells across plasma membranes, as a form of passive transport. In diffusion, solutes move from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration across the plasma membrane.
Here, the internal environment has higher concentrations of sucrose and glucose, but lower concentrations of fructose, thus the solutes will move along their concentration gradient, to where the concentrations are lower. In order for the fructose molecules to move out of the cell, the molecules have to move against their concentration gradient - a process requiring energy known as active transport.
Answer:
lichen
Explanation:
Common examples of pioneer species include bacteria, lichen, mosses, and fungi.
Answer:
gDNA = "genomic DNA" and cDNA = "complementary DNA." cDNA is classically associated with being reverse transcribed either from all extracted RNA from a tissue or cell (total RNA) including (in eukaryotes) pre-mRNA, ribosomal RNA, tRNA, snoRNA, miRNA and mRNA, etc.) while cDNA obtained only from reverse transcription of the mRNA (expressed eukaryotic cytosolic mRNA) fraction (e.g., by poly[dT]n and random priming) is complementary DNA (cDNA) made from what is called the "transcriptome." Eukaryotes have introns and exons in the gDNA, while prokaryotes do not. So eukaryotic cDNA reverse transcribed from mRNA lacks introns. Prokaryotic-derived cDNA is always complementary to prokaryotic RNA and gDNA (so is always necessary to have a good DNase treatment prior to gene expression analysis by e.g., qPCR for prokaryotic transcriptome work)...
<span>The chemical elements</span><span> can be broadly divided into </span>metals<span>, </span>metalloids<span> and </span>nonmetals<span> according to their shared </span>physical<span> and </span>chemical properties<span>. All metals have a shiny appearance (at least when freshly polished); are good conductors of heat and electricity; form </span>alloys<span> with other metals; and have at least one </span>basic oxide<span>. Metalloids are metallic-looking brittle solids that are either </span>semiconductors<span> or exist in semiconducting forms, and have </span>amphoteric<span> or weakly </span>acidic oxides<span>. Typical nonmetals have a dull, coloured or colourless appearance; are </span>brittle<span> when solid; are poor conductors of heat and electricity; and have acidic oxides. Most or some elements in each category share a range of other properties; a few elements have properties that are either anomalous given their category, or otherwise extraordinary.</span>
