"As a result of some former Confederate states' refusal to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment,"
Possible answer = Congress established military rule in the South.
it was everybody except the NAACP (National Association of the Advanced Colored People) Some were stuck in the frame of mind that nothing was going to change so just leave it be, some were for it and some were against it. so its a 50/50 toss up.
It is like Nixon said, "no event in American history is more misunderstood than the Vietnam War." I can't give a clear answer but I do have some food for thought which may paint a big picture.
1. You have to keep in mind that Vietnam was not about who killed more troops.
If the winner of the Vietnam war was declared by who killed more troops than the U.S. would win hands down. The U.S. casualties were roughly half a million, where as the Vietcong suffered a little more than a million. Then how did we lose?
2. Keep in mind that at this time technology has improved and Vietnam is the first war where people are watching it go on right at home on there television screen.
They are seeing their sons being shot and viewing dead soldiers every single day.
You did not see this in WW1 or WW2 or the Korena War.