Answer:
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The evolution of H. floresiensis is an example of island dwarfism.
Explanation:
H. floresiensis is a species of hominid. It differs significantly than the other hominid species in size though, as it appears to be a dwarfed version of its ancestors and close relatives. Its alleged ancestor is literary twice taller, which brings in the question as to what has triggered such an evolutionary adaptation.
This hominid species lived only on a relatively small island, in isolation. The resources are very limited, and the climate is warm and humid all year around. As seen in many species of animals, when individuals get into such an environment, they tend to experience either island dwarfism, or island gigantism. The island dwarfism tends to be common among large and medium sized species, while the island gigantism tends to be more common among the small species.
When the ancestors of H. floresiensis ended up in this environment, it was advantageous for them to smaller. The reason for that is that smaller bodies require less nutrition, and are also producing less heat.
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True
A genotype is the combination of genes in its DNA of the organism that determines its traits
Explanation:
Gametes from parents contribute different alleles of genes to their offspring. This why gametes carry only one copy of genetic material of the organism. They later fuse to form a zygote with a full genetic copy and capable of developing into an full organism.
Depending on which kind of alleles the parents pass down to the offspring will determine the offspring's genotype. The genotype of the offspring will, on the other hand, affect its phenotype which is the outward characteristic. An example is the sickle cell trait. If both gametes from the parents contribute the recessive alleles of the gene, then the offspring will be homozygous recessive for sickle cell genotype and this will show in the phenotype pf the person who will have sickle cell shaped blood cells.
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